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1 |
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Microalgae Harvesting with Filtration and Flocculation Methods in WWTP ITDC BaliDevi Megarusti Pratiwi, Arief Budiman, Intan Supraba, & Eko Agus Suyono
pp. 1-12 | Article Number: ijese.2019.001
Abstract To increase tourism in Bali Island, in the year 1971 Government assisted by United Nations Development Programme conducted a study about Bali tourism. That study suggested that more international hotels should be built in Bali Island to accommodate the increment of foreign and domestic tourists. Statistic data issued by Central Statistics Agency of Indonesia showed that the number of tourists in the year 2016 has increased 23.14% compared to the previous year. The Nusa Dua Project is a part of the Bali tourism development master plan. Domestic waste water from hotels in Nusa Dua region needs to be treated, so Bali Tourism Development Corporation Waste Water Treatment Plant was built in 1976 which later changed its name to the WWTP Indonesia Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC). However, the final processed product at WWTP ITDC Bali is still affected by algae bloom which reducing water quality. The existing practice to harvest microalgae is based on flocculation method using alum & polyelectrolyte chemicals causing the harvested microalgae contaminated by chemicals. The purpose of this study is to compare two different methods of microalgae harvesting namely filtration and flocculation methods, to know the effective filtration method based on slope and pressure variations, and to recommend the utilization of the dominant type of microalgae. The microalgae harvesting by using filtration was made in various variations, namely variations in water pressure and slope. In the variation of water pressure, three stages are carried out, namely the pressure of 1.5 bar, 2.5 bar, and 3.5 bar which each pressure was done for 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes. In the slope variation, there were 3 stages, namely pressure 10°, 20°, and 30° which each pressure was carried out for 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes. From the results of the harvesting water quality test microalgae that is effective and in accordance with the WWTP ITDC Bali vision and mission, that is go green or green company, the parameter concluded that has the highest lowest value is using the method of harvesting microalgae filtration with a pressure variation of 1.5 bar. Because harvesting microalgae by filtration method does not use any chemical mixture. Effective slope variation filtration method is at 10° in 30 minutes with a weight of 203 grams, while the effective pressure variation filtration is at 1.5 bar in 30 minutes weighing 212 grams. This is because the weight of microalgae is filtered the most. The dominant in the whole sample is microalgae Gramatophora angulosa which belongs to the class of algae brown (Phaephyceae) and Sphaerocystis schroeteri which belongs to the class of green algae (Chlorophyceae). Benefits of algae brown Gramatophora angulosa as an ingredient in organic fertilizer and animal feed. Benefits of green algae Sphaerocystis schroeteri as freshwater fish feed ingredients. Keywords: microalgae, WWTP, algae blooms, filtration References Abdullah, R. (2014). Various Benefits of Algae. Lipi Oseana Jakarta, 29(3). Adl, S. M., Simpson, A. G., Lane, C. E., Lukes, J., Bass, D., Bowser, S. S., …, Spiegel, F. W. (2012). The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 59(5), 429-493. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x Apriadi, T., & Pratiwi. N. T. M. (2014). The Effect of Different Types of Algae Feed on Cempedic Fish Growth in Domestic & Depik Efforts, Phytoremediation of eel culture waste using filamentous algae (Spirogyra sp.). Proceedings of the Suboptimal Land National Seminar, 3(1), 46-55. Asli-Ardeh, E. A., & Mohsenimanesh, A. (2012). Determination of Effective Factors on Power Requirements and Conveying Capacity of a Conveyor Screw Under Three Paddy Grain Varieties. The Scientific World Journal. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/136218 Awwa, M. (2010). Algae: Source to Treatment (Manual of Water Supply Practices). America: American Water Works Association. Bali Governor Regulation No. 8 of 2007 which contains water quality standards in accordance with the designation in Nusa Dua Bali. Bali Province. (2017). Hotels and Tourism. Tourism. Retrieved from http://www.baliprov.go.id/v1/baliwisata Bali Tourism Development Corporation. (2017). Profile of the Nusa Dua Bali region. Retrieved from https://www.itdc.co.id/ Becker, E. W. (2017). Micro-algae as source of protein. Journal of Biotechnology Advances, 25, 207-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2006.11.002 Bürger, R., & Concha, F. (2001). Settling velocities of particulate systems: 12. Batch centrifugation of flocculates suspensions. Int. J. Miner. Process, 63, 115-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(01)00038-2 Debora, Y. (2017). BPS: Foreign tourists visiting Bali increased by 23.14%. tirto.id. Retrieved from https://tirto.id/bps-kunjungan-wisman-ke-bali-men-23-23-persen-cji2 Encyclopedia Britannica. (2014). Euglena. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/Euglena Guiry, M. D. (2015). Algaebase Taxonomy Browse. National University of Ireland. Hadiyanto, & Azim, M. (2012). Microalgae Food and Energy Sources Future. Semarang: UPT UNDIP Press Semarang. Nurhayati, D. (2017). Bali declared world; top destination for 2017. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved from http://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2017/04/24/bali-declared-worlds-top-destination-for-2017.html Venugopal, V. (2009). Marine Products for Healthcare. CRC Press London. Wibowo, S., & Marlia. (2011). Algae. ITB School of Pharmacy. |
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2 |
Factors Related to Middle-school Students’ Situational Interest in Science in Outdoor Lessons in their Schools’ Immediate SurroundingsJean-Philippe Ayotte-Beaudet, Patrice Potvin, & Martin Riopel
pp. 13-32 | Article Number: ijese.2019.002
Abstract Drawing on a mixed-methods convergent parallel design, this article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying the factors that are most related to middle school students’ situational interest during outdoor science lessons in their schools’ immediate surroundings. The study involved 26 French-speaking science teachers and 2007 students from 71 classes of French-speaking seventh (51 classes) and eighth (20 classes) graders in the province of Québec, Canada. The teachers were asked to plan and conduct five outdoor lessons in their school’s immediate surroundings in line with the existing provincial science program. The eleven influencing factors that were considered in the quantitative analysis were: the duration of the outdoor lesson, the students’ level of preparation, the opportunity to make choices, the outdoor environment, the position in the lesson sequence, the presence of a laboratory technician, the scientific discipline, the grouping of the students, the teacher’s outdoor teaching experience, the type of activity, and the weather conditions. To identify the factors most related to students’ situational interest, we first ran a bivariate correlation analysis and then used a three-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) with the significant factors from the bivariate correlation. We also conducted in-depth interviews with teachers, which allowed us to highlight convergences and divergences with the quantitative results. The results suggest that students’ level of preparation, an opportunity to make choices, putting students into action, and conducting a reasonably difficult outdoor activity were positively related to students’ situational interest, while grouping students in pairs and the position in the lesson sequence were negatively related to students’ situational interest. This article closes with possible implications for teaching practices and suggestions for further research, including underexplored aspects of outdoor science education in formal educational contexts. Keywords: contextualization, middle school, outdoor science, situational interest, science education References Abrahams, I. (2009). Does practical work really motivate? A study of the affective value of practical work in secondary school science. International Journal of Science Education, 31(17), 2335–2353. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690802342836 Ainley, M., Hidi, S., & Berndorff, D. (2002). 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(2007). An educational–psychological conceptualization of interest. International Journal of Educational and Vocational Guidance, 7, 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-007-9113-9 Krapp, A., & Prenzel, M. (2011). Research on interest in science: Theories, methods, and findings. International Journal of Science Education, 33(1), 27–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2010.518645 Lee, H.-S., & Songer, N. B. (2003). Making authentic science accessible to students. International Journal of Science Education, 25(8), 923–948. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690305023 Lin, H.-S., Hong, Z.-R., & Chen, Y.-C. (2013). Exploring the development of college students’ situational interest in learning science. International Journal of Science Education, 35(13), 2152–2173. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2013.818261 Lock, R. (2010). Biology fieldwork in schools and colleges in the UK: an analysis of empirical research from 1963 to 2009. 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Implementing the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) Evaluation Model to Measure the Effectiveness of the Implementation of Teaching at Politeknik Negeri Bali (PNB)I Nyoman Gunung, & I K Darma
pp. 33-39 | Article Number: ijese.2019.003
Abstract This study aimed at finding out the level of effectiveness of the implementation of teaching at PNB viewed from the relatedness of the components of 1) context; 2) input), 3) process, and 4) product. This study used the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model evaluation method. The data were collected using questionnaire, interview guide, and related documents. The subjects consisted of students, lecturers, and the management sfaff of departments in PNB. The data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The effectiveness in the implementation of the teaching programs was determined by transforming the raw scores into the Z-scores and the T-scores, which were then verified into Glickman’s quadrant prototypes. The result of analysis showed that the effectiveness of the implementation of the teaching program at PNB viewed from the relatedness of context, input, process, and product falls into fairly effective category. While the obstacles in the implementation of the teaching programs at PNB include those in the components of context, input, process and product components. The outstanding obstacle occurs in the product variable. Keywords: program evaluation, teaching, polytechnique, CIPP References Ebel, R. L., & Frisbie, D. A. (1991). Essentials of Education Measurement. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Glickman, C. D., Gordon, S. P., & Ross, G. J. M. (2000). Supervision and instructional leadership (5th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Gronlund, N. E., & Linn, R. L. (1990). Measurement and evaluation in teaching (Ed 6). New York: Macmillan Publishing co., Inc. Hasan, H. (2009). Evaluasi Kurikulum, cetakan kedua. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. Mirawati, A. S, & Saladung, J. (2015). Evaluasi Program Pembelajaran Kimia Pada SMA Negeri 3 Watansoppeng. Riset Assesmen Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 1(1). Nasution. (2001). Manajemen Mutu Terpadu (Total Quality mangement), Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia. Permendikbud Nomor 49 Tahun 2014 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan Tinggi. Sahertian, P. A. (2000). Konsep Dasar Dan Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan Dalam Rangka Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Stuffelbeam, D. L., & Shinfield, A. J. (1986). Systematic Evaluation. Kluwer-Nijhoff Publishing. USA. Stufflebeam, D. L. (2003). The CIPP model for evaluation. In D. L. Stufflebeam & T. Kellaghan (Eds.), The international handbook of educational evaluation (Chapter 2). Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Stufflebeam, D. L., & Shinkfield, A. J. (2007). Evaluation theory, models, & applications. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0309-4_4 Suartika, I. N., Dantes, N., & Candiasa, I. M. (2013). Studi Evaluasi Program Praktek Kerja Industri (Prakerin) Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Pendidikan Sistem Ganda di SMK Negeri Susut. e-Journal Program Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Program Studi Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 3, 1-11. Sudjana, N. (2012). Penilain Hasil Proses Belajar Mengajar. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosda Karya. Sugiyono. (2012). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&B. Bandung: Alfabeta. Suharsimi, A. (2009). Dasar-Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Sukardi. (2014). Evaluasi Program Pendidikan dan Pelatihan. Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara. Widoyoko, E. P. (2009). Evaluasi Program Pembelajaran: Panduan Praktis Bagi Pendidik dan Calon Pendidik, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Zhang, G., Zeller, N., Griffith, R., Metcalf, D, Williams, J., Shea C., & Misulis, K. (2011). Using the Context, Input, Process, and Product Evaluation Model (CIPP) as a Comprehensive Framework to Guide the Planning, Implementation, and Assessment of Service-learning Programs. Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement, 15(4), 57-63. |
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Motivation and Academic Performance: A SEM ApproachSalim Nauzeer, & Vishal Chandr Jaunky
pp. 41-60 | Article Number: ijese.2019.004
Abstract Many models in educational have tried to clarify the causal relationships of motivation variables on student performance, by presenting hypothesized models, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) under structural equation modeling (SEM). Based on the literature, this model inspected the most robust stimuli of motivation: intrinsic, extrinsic, amotivation, self-efficacy and achievement motivation alongside with other variables like parental education, location, musculoskeletal pain (MSP), student body mass index (BMI), bag weights and tuition. SEM (unmodified and modified) is used to clarify the interrelationships of these variables and their relative contributions to academic performance. The sample consists of 324 students from Forest-Side State Secondary School (Boys). 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