Perception, Attitude and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals From Borehole Waters Collected in a Town Near Mining İndustries in Pretoria, South Africa

APA 6th edition
In-text: (Olowoyo, Lion & Mothata, 2017)
Your Bibliography: Olowoyo, J.O., Lion, N. & Mothata, K. (2017). Perception, Attitude and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals From Borehole Waters Collected in a Town Near Mining İndustries in Pretoria, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 12(10), 2185-2194.

Harvard
In-text: (Olowoyo, Lion and Mothata, 2017)
Your Bibliography: Olowoyo, J., Lion, N. and Mothata, K. (2017). Perception, Attitude and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals From Borehole Waters Collected in a Town Near Mining İndustries in Pretoria, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 12(10), pp. 2185-2194.

Chicago 16th edition
In-text: (Olowoyo, Lion and Mothata 2017)
Your Bibliography: Olowoyo, Joshua Oluwole, Ntebo Lion and Karabo Mothata (2017). "Perception, Attitude and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals From Borehole Waters Collected in a Town Near Mining İndustries in Pretoria, South Africa". International Journal of Environmental and Science Education 12 (10):2185-2194.

Abstract

The availability of drinking water is fast becoming a major challenge in most of the developing countries. Reliance on well and borehole water is thus on the increase without prior effort to consider their safety for human consumption. The present study investigated the concentrations of trace metals in water samples collected from borehole in a village surrounded by mining industries with a view to determining the health implication of drinking water from these boreholes. The study further examined the attitude and perception of villagers on the quality and the treatment of the water before consumption. The study was conducted in a village surrounded by different mining companies. Water samples were collected during the summer and winter seasons from randomly selected boreholes in the village and structured questionnaires were administered in order to get information on water treatment methods used by the villagers. The trace metal content of the water was determined by Inductive Couple Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (ICP-MS). The result showed that there was no significant difference in the concentrations of trace metals obtained for the two sampling periods (p< 0.05). Concentrations of trace metals such as Zn and Hg were above the recommended limit set by World Health Organization (WHO) for trace metals in water. The report from the questionnaire showed that 97% of those interviewed do not treat the water before drinking and had no any prior knowledge of trace metals in water. The report from the questionnaire further showed that 60% of those interviewed agreed that the water is available during the summer period and may become scarce during the winter season; however the respondents agreed that there is no need to get pipe borne water from any other source. The study concluded that since the majority of the people rely on these boreholes for the supply of portable water and taking into consideration the levels of Zn and Hg in some of the boreholes, it may be necessary to monitor the levels of trace metals from these boreholes regularly.

Keywords: Borehole water, water purification, Zinc, Mercury

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