(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2016)
(2016)
Special Issue - (2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2015)
(2015)
Special Issue - (2015)
(2015)
(2015)
(2015)
(2012)
(2012)
(2012)
Special Issue - (2012)
pp. 945-964 | Article Number: ijese.2017.063
Published Online: June 17, 2017
Abstract
Through the comparative study between China and Rwanda we aimed to find out differences and similarities in terms of factors and levels of lecturers’ motivation and job satisfaction. One hundred forty lecturers both male and female participated in the survey by responding to the research questionnaires. The average mean for each factor and variable was calculated, compared and discussed. Both countries were found to be associated with different levels: Lecturers were at low level of motivation and job satisfaction in Rwanda while in China were at high level. The differences were mainly associated with income status, Cultural, Social and historical backgrounds. The study recommended that all analyzed factors should be taken into consideration to increase overall level of motivation and job satisfaction of lecturers in both countries.
Keywords: Lecturers’ motivation; Job satisfactions; Similarities and Differences; Comparative Study, Human Development.
References
Akwasi Yeboah, D. A. (2016). Rural senior high school teachers’ motivation and its effect on their retention. British Journal of Education., 11(11), 84–92.
Alexander, J.A., Liechtenstein, R.O., & Hellmann, E. (1998). A causal model of voluntary turn-over among nursing personnel in long term psychiatric setting. Research in Nursing and Health, 21(5), 415–427.
Bao, D. (2002). Dangjin woguo zhongxiaoxue jiaoshi xintai daxing diaocha xilie baodao [A survey of primary and secondary school teachers in China]. Zhongguo Jiaoyu Bao. Retrieved from http://www.xwedu.com/xw/view?levelID=1712&infoID=724
Bennell, P., & Akyeampong, K. (2007). Teacher motivation in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. Educationpapers. www.dfid.gov.uk/R4D/PDF/Outputs/policystrategy /researching%0A. Retrieved on 26th June, 2016 .
Bochen Pan, Xue Shen , Li Liu, Y. Y. and L. W. (2015). Factors Associated with Job Satisfaction among University Teachers in Northeastern Region of China: A Cross- Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 12 ;, 12761–12775. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121012761
Chen, W. (2007). The structure of secondary school teacher job satisfaction and its relationship with attrition and work enthusiasm. Chinese Education and Society, 40(5), 17–31.
Colvin, G. (1998). What money makes you do. Fortune, 138(4), 213–214.
Darling-Hammond, L. (2003). Keeping good teachers. Educational Leadership, 60(8), 7–13.
Du, P, Lai, M.H; Lo, L. N. . (2010). Analysis of job satisfaction of university professors from nine Chinese universities. China, Front. Educ., 5, 430–449.
Feng, B. (1996). Jiaoshi gongzuo manyi jiqi yingxiang yinsu de yanjiu [Factors affecting teacher job satisfaction]. Jiaoyu Yanjiu, 2, 42–49.
Feng, B. (2007). A study of teacher job satisfaction and factors that influence it. Chinese. Education and Society, 40(5), 47–64.
Garrett, R. M. (1999). Teacher job satisfaction in developing countries. ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management ., ERIC Diges.
Hevin. (n.d.). Gongzuo manyidu de pingjia jiegou he fangfa [A structure and methods to assessjobsatisfaction]. China Human Resources Development Network, Retrieved 27 Th August,2016.at: http://www.chinahrd.net/zhi_sk/jt_page.asp?articleid=66419.
Ingersoll, R. M. (2001). Teacher turnover, teacher shortages, and the organization of schools. Retrieved on 17th October, 2016 from http://depts.washington.edu/ctpmail/PDFs/Turnover-Ing-01-2001.pdf.
Jamal, M. (1997). Job stress, satisfaction and mental health: An empirical examination of self employed and non-self employed Canadians. Journal of Small Business Management, 35(4), 48–57.
Junjun Chen. (2010). Chinese middle school teacher job satisfaction and its relationships with teacher moving. Asia Pacific Educ. Rev., 11, 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-010- 9085-1
Klecker, B. & Loadman, W. E. (1996). Exploring the relationship between teacher empowerment and teacher job satisfaction. ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management, (ERIC Dige.
Liu, X. S. (2007). The effect of teacher influence at school on first-year teacher attrition: A multilevel analysis of the Schools and Staffing Survey for 1999–2000. Educational Research and Evaluation, 13(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803610600797615
Lu, H. R. (2014). Zhimian daxue yingyu jiaoshi jiaoxuedongji (Facing English lecturers’ teaching motivation). Education and Occupation, 30, 60–61.
Luthans, F. (1998). Organisational behaviour. (8th Editio). India: McGraw-Hill.
Mahmoud AL-Hussami, RN. (2008). A Study of Nurses’ Job Satisfaction: The Relationship to Organizational Commitment, Perceived Organizational Support, Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership, and Level of Education. European. Journal of Scientific Research, 22(2), 286–295.
Marlow, L. et al. (1996). Teacher job satisfaction. ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management, (ERIC Digest, No. ED 393 802).
Meimei Ouyang, K. P. (2006). Teacher Job Satisfaction and Retention: A Comparison Study Between the U.S. and China. retrieved 25th September, 2016. at http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED492688. ERIC, ED492688.
MINEDUC. (2008). Girls’ education policy in Rwanda. Available online at http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Girls_Education.pdf retrieved on 25th July, 2016.
Mitchell,T.R., & Lason, J. R. (1987). People in organization (3rd editio). New York: McGraw- Hill.
Moser, K. (1997). Commitment in organizations. Psychologies, 41(4), 160–170.
Munyengabe, S., He, H., & Yiyi, Z. (2016). The Analysis of Factors and Levels Associated with Lecturers’ Motivation and Job Satisfaction in University of Rwanda. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(30), 188–200.
Paul Bennell &Jonhson Ntagaramba. (2008). Teacher Motivation and Incentives in Rwanda: A Situational Analysis and Recommended Priority. http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/citations/6997. Retrieved online on 25th March,2016.
Perie, M; Baker, D. P. & Whiterner, S. (1997). Job satisfaction among America’s teachers:. effects of workplaceconditions, background characteristics, and teacher compensation. U.S. Department of education. Available at: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs97/97471.pdf . Retrieved 18th September 2016.
Regina N. Osakwe. (2014). Factors affecting motivation and job satisfaction of academic staff of universities in south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. International Education Studies, 7(7), 43–51.
Sabeen Farid & Muhammad Tayyab Alam. (2011). Factors affecting teachers’ motivation. International Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 2(1), 298–304.
Sarita Maharjan. (2012). Association between Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction of College Teachers. Administrative and Management Review, 24(2), 45–55.
Shujie Liu, A. J. O. (2014). Teachers’ motivation for entering the teaching profession and their job satisfaction: a cross-cultural comparison of China and other countries. Learning Environ Res, 17, 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-013-9155-5
Spear, M. (2000). Who would be a teacher? A review of factors motivating and de-motivating prospective and practicing teachers. London: National foundation for educational research. retrieved 18 October, 2016 and available at https://www.nfer.ac.uk/publications/91003/91003.
VSO – Rwanda. (2003). Seen but not heard: Teachers’ voices in Rwanda. A policy research report on teachers’ morale and motivation in Rwanda. https://secure.vsointernational.org/sites/vso_international/files/seen-but-not-heard- rwanda_tcm76-22704.pdf. Retrieved on 20 September,2016.
Weihrich, H. & K. H. (1993). Management: A global perspective. (10th 3diti). McGraw- Hill.Inc.: McGraw- Hill.Inc.
Yu, X. (2009). Job satisfaction of university academics in China. Retrieved October 15th, 2016, from http://hdl.handle.net/10443/940.