(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2019)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2018)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2017)
(2016)
(2016)
Special Issue - (2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2016)
(2015)
(2015)
Special Issue - (2015)
(2015)
(2015)
(2015)
(2012)
(2012)
(2012)
Special Issue - (2012)
pp. 13093-13110 | Article Number: ijese.2016.981
Published Online: December 30, 2016
Abstract
Even though the structural equation modeling has been used often by the researchers, it is observed that the assumptions are not examined before the analysis, the appropriate parameter estimation method was not performed. In cases when the estimations are not met in structural equation modeling, estimates below or above the parameter values are conducted. In this study, it is aimed at investigating the fit indexes of the model, estimated with a different parameter estimation method and sample size, based on item subtraction and restricted parameters (1, CTT and IRT values) in the confirmatory factor analysis model with multicollinearity problem. As a result of the estimation, the model was detected to make biased estimations when multicollinearity and sample size assumptions are not met. In order to prevent item loss, item parameters are suggested to be restricted with the values estimated from the classical test theory and item response theory. Based on the results of this research, it is asserted that all assumptions, as well as sample size and multicollinearity problem, are required to be examined before the confirmatory factor analysis is estimated. Otherwise there may be biased predictions. One of the multicollinearity problem-causing items may be subtracted or the items may be integrated. In order for the item not to be lost, the item parameters may be restricted. As information is obtained before the items, the values predicted with the classical test theory may be used in parameter restriction instead of 0 or 1.
Keywords: multicollinearity, confirmatory factor analysis, item response theory restricted parameter classical test theory
References
Andrews, D. W. K. (1999). Estimation when a parameter is on a boundary. Econometrica, 67(6), 1341-1383.
Baker, F. B. (2001). The basics of item response theory. Eric Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation.
Baykul, Y. (2010). Eğitimde ve psikolojide ölçme: Klasik test teorisi ve uygulaması. PegemA Akademi, Ankara.
Bentler, P.M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246.
Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. In: Kenny, A. D. (Eds.) Methodology in the social sciences. Guilford Press, London.
Byrne, B. M. (1998). A primer of LISREL basic applications and programming for confirmatory factor analytic models. Springer-Verlag New York.
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS basic concepts, applications, and programming. Taylor & Francis Group, New York.
Crocker, L. M. & Algina, L. (1986). Introduction to classical and modern test theory. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Diamantopoulos, A. & Siguaw, J. A. (2000). Introducing LISREL, SAGE Publications. California.
Embretson, S. E. & Reise, S. (2000). Item response theory for psychologists. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Publishers.
Fan, X., Thompson B. & Wang, L. (1999). Effects of sample size, estimation methods, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 56-83.
Hambleton, R. K. & Swaminathan, H. (1985). Item response theory principles and applications. Boston: Kluwer.
Herzog, W., & Boomsma, A. (2009). Small-sample robust estimators of noncentrality-based and incremental model fit. Structural Equation Modeling, 16, 1–27.
Iacobucci, D. (2009). Structural equations modeling: Fit Indices, sample size, and advanced topics, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20, 90-98.
Jackson, D.L., Voth, J. & Frey, M.P. (2013). A note on sample size and solution propriety for confirmatory factor analytic models. Structural Equation Modeling, 20, 86-97.
Kenny, D. A., & McCoach, D. B. (2003). Effect of the number of variables on measures of fit in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 10, 333–351.
Kim, K.H. (2009). The relation among fit indexes, power, and sample size in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 12(3), 368-390.
Kline, R. X. (2005). Classical test theory assumptions, equations, limitations, and item analyses Loken (Chp. 5). In Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation, SAGE Publications, California.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principals and practice of structural equation modeling. New York. The Guilford Press.
Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical theories of mental test scores. Reading MA: Addison-Welsley Publishing Company.
Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., & Grayson, D. (2005). Goodness of fit in structural equation models. In A. Maydeu-Olivares & J. J. McArdle (Eds.). Contemporary psychometrics: A festschrift for Roderick P. McDonald, 275–340. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
McDonald, R.P. (1999). Test theory: a unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Quesnel, C., Scherling, C. & Wallis, N. (2007). Structural equation modeling: A simple-complex multivariate technique. SEMWHORKSHOP Presentation.
Raykoy, T. & Marcoulides, G.A. (2000). A first course in structural equation modeling. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., New Jersey.
Rindskopf, D. (1983). A general framework for using latent class analysis to test hierarchical and nonhierarchical learning models. Psychometrika, 48, 85-97.
Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H. & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
Schumacker, R.E. & Lomax, R.G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey.
Sörbom, D. (1975). Detection of correlated errors in longitudinal data. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 27, 229-239.
Stoel, R. D., Garre, F. G., Dolan C. & Wittenboer G. (2006). On the likelihood ratio test in structural equation modeling when, parameters are subject to boundary constraints. Psychological Methods, 11(4), 439-455.
Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon