The urgency of the problem under investigation is reasoned by insufficient study of problems of offenses prevention, the causes of crime in different historical epochs. In this regard, this paper aims to identify the features of the genesis and evolution of the largest areas of criminological concepts: from moral and religious, social and biological beliefs to the level of political positions. The leading methods to the study of this problem is the historical method, which allowed to reveal the historical stages of development of criminological sciences, as well as the modeling method which allowed to consider the problem solving of crime prevention as a purposeful and organized process for improving the professional and general cultural and development of special competencies of criminologists experts needed them to deal effectively with the major causes of crime in modern society. The main results of the paper are: the rationale for considering criminology itself as extremely complex science, engaged in a comprehensive study of the nature of crime, as well as all other phenomena and processes that can facilitate or hinder their fulfillment; justification of criminology as an independent subsystem of the criminal law policy of the modern state. On the basis of research the authors conclude that there is no possibility of domination in the modern society of any one of the main directions in the study of the causes of crime and the need to consider the most criminology as extremely complex science dealing with comprehensive study of the nature of the crime and as well as all other phenomena and processes that can facilitate or hinder their fulfillment. Considering criminology as an important component of the fight against crime, the government has always faced with the problem of self-identification of criminology as a science or as a form of human activity, either as a State policy. This is evidenced a historical analysis of the main stages in the development of criminological views conducted by the authors. Paper Submissions may be useful for further study of issues of crime prevention, the causes of crime, as well as for scientific study of problem of self-identification of criminology as a science or as a form of human activity, either as a State policy.

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