Factors and Trends of Engineering Centers Development in the Network Structure of Innovations Reproduction

APA 6th edition
In-text: (Pastukhov, Kliman & Alekseev, 2016)
Your Bibliography: Pastukhov, V., Kliman, N. & Alekseev, D. (2016). Factors and Trends of Engineering Centers Development in the Network Structure of Innovations Reproduction. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(18), 11659-11674.

Harvard
In-text: (Pastukhov, Kliman and Alekseev, 2016)
Your Bibliography: Pastukhov, V., Kliman, N. and Alekseev, D. (2016). Factors and Trends of Engineering Centers Development in the Network Structure of Innovations Reproduction. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(18), pp. 11659-11674.

Chicago 16th edition
In-text: (Pastukhov, Kliman and Alekseev 2016)
Your Bibliography: Pastukhov, Vladimir, Nikolay Kliman and Dmitry Alekseev (2016). "Factors and Trends of Engineering Centers Development in the Network Structure of Innovations Reproduction". International Journal of Environmental and Science Education 11 (18):11659-11674.

Abstract

The article provides an overview of the concepts of “Engineering” and “Engineering Center” in the Russian and foreign literature; the author proposed the definition of “Industrial Engineering”. It contains the brief historical excursion into the evolution of views on the engineering centers in the context of the network structure of the innovation economy; the basic methods of control over engineering centers; reproductive approach to engineering centers as an element of the innovation chain network economy system that allows us to consider the establishment of engineering centers as a form of investment. The authors also provide the information on the special role of high value-added services in the structure of the process engineering in a global competition for high-tech exports as well as the analysis of empirical data generated during the 2014-2016 from the engineering centers at the premises of the leading Russian universities, including a forecast of future trends.

Keywords: Engineering, engineering center, reproductive approach, investment, technology, evolutionary approach

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