In this article the transformation of living environment of the indigenous folks of the Russian north under the process of techno genesis, determined by the oil and gas extraction, is observed. As a main experimental polygon the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra that is a subject of Russian Federation and northern Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the Tyumen Region was chosen. The oil and gas zoning from the Kara Sea on the north to the state frontiers with Kazakhstan on the south is presented. 16 oil and gas bearing zones that differ from each other by geological and geographical conditions of resource extraction are of special importance. The destructive influence of oil and gas extraction objects is observed on the territory of natural resources that is important for indigenous people in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. The observation of different government documents accepted on local and the RF level and oriented to stabilize the land matters, are presented. The ways of compensations from the resource users to the indigenous folks are justified.

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