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pp. 11393-11404 | Article Number: ijese.2016.826
Published Online: November 18, 2016
Abstract
This article attempted to analyze the role of Batyrs in the organization of the Kazakh militia against Dzungar aggression. The author substantiated the relevance of the subject by claiming that the significant role of Batyrs in the Kazakh society was dictated by both external and internal factors: the complexity of foreign policy situation in the Kazakh Khanate and the weakness of the Khan’s power. The necessity to overcome the external threat of the Dzungar in the first half of the eighteenth century contributed to the rise of the authority of Batyrs. The author also pointed out that the role of Batyrs increased in the late eighteenth – mid-nineteenth centuries, which was caused by the national liberation fight of the Kazakh people against the colonial policy of tsarism. The study illustrated examples of several prominent Batyrs’, who were favorite heroes of the Kazakh people, their life and work. Thus, Batyrs were the military core of the Kazakh militia. However, each Batyr could have his own army and a code of laws that was passed on in oral form. This had a significant effect on the disunity of the army and the inability to exploit military successes. Nevertheless, Batyrs remain national heroes of Kazakhstan who managed to protect the independence of the country.
Keywords: Batyr, Kazakh militia, the Kazakh Khanate, political history, steppe aristocracy
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