The objective of the paper is to analyze the urgent questions of improving the quality of the population's life and essential decisions on which the vector and rates of further development, political and economic stability depend to a large extent. The character and specific nature of the influence of social and economic indices that form the quality of life for various urban settlements are discussed from the standpoint of the extent of satisfying the people's material and spiritual needs and welfare sensed by them. The paper analyzes the main components of quality of life used in various international and national assessments of the developed countries. As the research method, the data of sociological survey conducted by the authors in 2015 as a case study of Moscow region (Russia) are cited; here an important part is played by such components of quality of life as financial situation, satisfaction with one's job, satisfaction with one's leisure, satisfaction with one's life influencing the level of life on balance. Among the crucial social problems, those of low pay, alcohol abuse, health issues, poor medical service, and a high unemployment level were stressed. The results obtained showed the particularities of various social groups perceiving the quality of life as well as revealed a high level of personal responsibility and willingness in citizens to solve the existing problems.

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