At the start of the 2nd ML AD a number of trading posts, or factories, emerged in the Cis-Ural region with participation of Bulgar handicraftsmen and merchants. They were townships populated by various ethnic groups. Several centuries later similar factories were set up by natives of the Cis-Ural region in Western Siberia. These factories have become major industrial and economic centers, where the multinational population was dominating. These factories increased the exchange of cultures among different nations. The article discusses the influence of the Bulgar merchants on trade, culture and town planning. In order to achieve this goal, the principle of historicism was used and experience of domestic and foreign scientists was generalized, allowing objectively consider the role of the Bulgar trade and craft factories and their influence on the feudal system. The results of the study consider the reasons for trading posts foundation; also analyze how the geographical area affected on the appearance of factories. Trade and craft factories were large commercial and educational centers at their height. Their decline was influenced by medieval diseases and conquest of Turkic tribes. This work may be a theoretical source for social researches in the era of feudalism.

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